What does the pendulum view of globalization suggest?

The pendulum view of globalization suggests that the process is not steady or uniform but rather fluctuates between various extremes, such as openness and protectionism. This perspective acknowledges that globalization can experience significant swings due to economic, political, and social factors, leading to periods of increased integration followed by reactions that promote isolation or retrenchment.

Proponents of the pendulum view highlight that events such as economic crises, political shifts, or changes in public sentiment can drive these oscillations. For instance, a surge in globalization may be followed by a backlash against perceived negative effects, prompting countries to implement policies that reinstate a level of protectionism. This dynamic nature of globalization reflects the varying attitudes and responses of governments and populations around the world.